Abstract

 id arthritis (RA) can be defined as debilitating, chronic disease characterized by systemic symptoms such as fatigue, anemia, and osteoporosis in addition to joint deterioration as well as articular inflammation. Women make up approximately 70% of RA patients. RA might strike 1–3% of women at some point in their lives. Between the ages of 30 and 80 years. It can start at any age. Specify the predictive significance regarding complement proteins (C1 and C5) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) markers in the pathogenesis of RA in Iraqi patients. Methods and materials: The current investigation was conducted from February 6, 2024, until November 8, 2024, at Hussein Medical City in Karbala. Thirty blood samples have been collected from healthy individuals and used as a control group for RA. A total of sixty blood samples have been collected from patients who visited Imam Hussein Medical City. Healthy participants and patients were between the ages of 20 and 73. Using a single radial immune assay, immunoglobulins IgG and IgM as well as complement proteins C1 and C5 were identified.
Results: RA patients' age groups and gender percentages differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Patients who were female had a higher percentage (65%) in comparison with males (35%). Those over forty had the highest percentage (83.33%) compared to those under forty who had the lowest percentage (16.67%). The mean (IgG) levels in the patients were (511.32±181.22) and the (IgM) levels were (83.34±30.21), which is significantly higher compared with the control (335.11±113.15) and (37.32±13.32), respectively, with significant differences (less than 0.05). The patients had on average higher levels of (C1) (83.62± 36.21) and (C5) (9.34 ± 24.32) compared to the control (37.12 ± 12.63) and (24.32 ± 9.34), respectively, with a statistically significant difference below the level of (P ≤0.05).
Conclusions: an increase in the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in females more than males, as well as with increasing age, and an increase in the levels of Complement system proteins (C1 and C5) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) in Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis.