Abstract

Background: The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major contributor to liver damage. The initial phase of infection is frequently asymptomatic; nonetheless, this virus has a notable propensity to persist and advance. Objectives: This study attempts to evaluate the concentrations of Vitamin D3 and IFN-α in the serum of individuals infected with Hepatitis B virus. Materials and Methods: This study employed a case-control design involving forty patients. Serum levels of Vitamin D3 were assessed using the immunofluorescence technique with Cobas-e, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (Roche, Switzerland). Melsin's enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology was employed to quantify IFN-α levels. Melsin originates from Jiling, China. Results: The findings indicated a significant reduction in Vitamin D3 levels (14.28 ± 3.11 ng/ml) among HBV patients relative to healthy individuals (39.72 ± 6.21 ng/ml). The INF-α levels exhibited significant differences among the tested subjects (P < 0.05).The mean perforin level was decreased in HBV patients to (0.12 ± 0.084 ng/ml), whereas it increased to (1.81± 0.14 ng/ml) in healthy individuals.  Significant differences in vitamin D3 concentrations were observed between males and females. The mean INF-α levels for males surpassed those of females; however, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 insufficiency is common and frequently observed in chronic liver diseases associated with HBV. This study demonstrates that sufficient levels of vitamin D3 are essential during antiviral treatment for HBV infections.  Interferon alpha plays a crucial role in HBV infection through the regulation of immune responses and the exhibition of antiviral properties.