Abstract

The importance of the research is represented in the manufacture of lighting lamps by selecting the ideal cathode quality for these lamps.
To investigate how argon gas affects the arc flow plasma properties, various cathodes were used in this study, including hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), and molybdenum (Mo). The cathode's surface temperature and the ion current were investigated in relation to temperature and voltage. Data from simulations and theoretical computations were provided. The program has helped this work (THERMOCAD).
Regarding the distribution of temperatures at various distances from the center, we observe that for all metals, the highest temperature and electron density are found at the radius (r=0.001mm), and that temperatures drop as one gets closer to the center. Recombination (electrons and ions) as a result of electron energy loss from collisions is what accounts for the variance in the distribution of the cathode metals.
As we took measurements, we observed that the cathode metal's edge temperature was higher than its center temperature, due to the ionization process of the argon gas, which leads to the gathering of argon ions at the edge, and thus causes the temperature of the cathode center to decrease and the cathode edge to increase.
The aim of the research is to manufacture high brightness lamps by the quality of the cathode material.